Sports Psychology Interactional Model

Sports Psychology

Interactional model explains the sports behaviour as the function of the nature and nurture. (Nature and Nurture: This is something which you can bring out in almost all answers in psychology paper)

Behavior = Personality + Situation + P*S + Error

The interactional model helps to explain most situations and derives a lot from major theories of psychology. Thus personality profile tests like Troutwine atheletic profile and Winning profile athletic instrument combined with situational inferences can help the sports psychologist frame a strategy for the athlete.

  

 

Electric Vehicle Policy India FAME

EV Policy in India

India incurs huge cost in import of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are one of the reason for very high pollution in Indian cities. World over, many countries has been successful in making EV’s as trusted reliable choice of transport by people. The National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2020 planned to establish EV’s through policies, incentives in India. The FAME I which ended in 2019 and FAME II which ends in march 2022 are initiatives in EV policy in India. FAME stands for faster adoption of manufacture of electric vehicles (and hybrid).

Photo by Michael Marais on Unsplash

The FAME I intended to create demand, technology platform, charging infrastructure, pilot projects. The industry players in the nascent stage were hesitant to invest in the EV’s due to uncertain demand and huge capex they have to make.

FAME II gives demand side incentives and hopes to create charging infrastructure. The charging infrastructure will need change in building plan approval eg: plan approval only if multi-storied buildings have charging facilities, tariff determination, resolving taxing issues etc.

India has seen faster adoption and private investments in the two wheeler and three wheeler segment. The companies like ather energy, ola, hero etc has been successful in generating an interest in EV’s in the two wheeler category.

The issuing and subjects in EV where lot of discussion are going around :

1.       Standardization of charging ports, technology etc. The charging ports of most companies are different from other in both design and voltages, unless there is consensus on the design & capacities of the charging, the investing in charging ports may not be viable.

2.       Concepts like battery swapping have been discussed, but the customer willingness is doubtful.

3.       Incentives for EV – the customer getting a tax break or reduction in registration fee etc would drive the demand.

4.       The EV growth in India tend to start with lower capacity vehicle and then the higher capacity vehicle demand would start.

5.       Battery cost and availability of raw material for batteries are a major factor at macro level, which will determine the growth of EV.

 The new vehicle scrappage policy is expected to increase the demand for EV's provided the customer is able to get EV's are right pricing.

sports psychology - psychology 2 notes

Sports psychology is a science in which the principles of psychology are applied to sports and also exercises. The psychology of sports can be seen through the lens of various psychological theories – humanistic, cognitive etc. However, the two new approaches of the psychology – positive psychology and evidence based methods be kept in mind while analyzing this field. 

 

Many of the early researches were centred around the personality of the sports personnel. You must be aware of the various theories of personality – psychodynamic, humanistic, type, trait, social learning etc.It can also be noted that the tests which you know when you studied these theories like roschach test, TAT, questionnaires etc can be used to study the personality part of the sports person. 

Photo by Matthieu Pétiard on Unsplash

 It was seen from researches that personality alone cannot predict sports performance. Morgan(1980) based on studies done commented that there is consistent relationship of personality with sports provided – multivariate approach is adopted and response distortion is removed.  

 

It may be noted that athletes are independent, less anxious than non-atheletes (Joy 1977). The atheletes were alert, exhibited less anxiety and were extrovert than non-atheletes.  

 

As the personality is a not-so strong factor in the prediction of performance, the Interactional model became popular.  

(to be continued)